4. Crop Physiology

Typical maximum leaf area index reported for the European trials (late summer) is around 8 m²/m². Typical maximum canopy height is about 4.0 m, although after over-wintering and leaf drop, the dry stalks are unlikely to be more than 2.5-3.0 m in height. These parameters are not always reported for the various trials.

Possessing the C₄ photosynthetic pathway, miscanthus shows a remarkable combination of high light, water, and nitrogen use efficiencies. Its photosynthetic mechanism appears to be better adapted to low temperatures than that of many other C₄ crops, equipping it for high productivity under relatively cool temperatures. Although water use efficiency is high, the crop may nevertheless require substantial amounts of water for maximal growth, because of its high productivity (Walsh and McCarthy 1998).